ʻOhuehu i ka wai ili

He aha ka ʻāhuehue?
ʻO ka turbidity e pili ana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ke keakea ʻana o kahi hopena i ka hele ʻana o ka mālamalama, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o ka mālamalama e ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a me ka absorption o ka mālamalama e nā molekala solute.
ʻO ka turbidity kahi ʻāpana e wehewehe ana i ka helu o nā ʻāpana i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o kahi wai. Pili ia i nā mea e like me ka maʻiʻo, ka nui, ke ʻano, a me ka index refractive o nā mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka wai. I ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka wai, he hōʻailona koʻikoʻi ka turbidity, hiki ke hōʻike i ka neʻe ʻana o nā paʻa paʻa i ka wai a ʻo ia kekahi o ke kumu no ka loiloi sensory o ka poʻe i ka maikaʻi o ka wai. ʻIke ʻia ka turbidity ma ke ana ʻana i ka nui o ka māmā i hoʻopuehu ʻia e nā mea ʻala i loko o ka wai ke hele ka mālamalama i ka hāpana wai. He liʻiliʻi loa kēia mau ʻāpana, me nā nui ma ke ʻano o nā microns a ma lalo. ʻO ka turbidity i hōʻike ʻia e nā mea kani hou e hoʻopuehu pinepine ai, a ʻo ka hui ʻo NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Units). He mea koʻikoʻi ke ana ʻana o ka turbidity no ka loiloi ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka wai inu, no ka mea ʻaʻole pili wale ia i ka mālamalama o ka wai, akā hōʻike ʻole ʻia hoʻi i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka neʻe ʻana o nā microorganism i ka wai, e pili ana i ka hopena disinfection.
ʻO ka turbidity kahi ana pili i hoʻoholo ʻia e ka nui o ka mālamalama e hiki ke hele i kahi hāpana wai. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka turbidity, ʻo ka liʻiliʻi o ka mālamalama e hele i ka hāpana a ʻike ʻia ka wai "ʻoi aku ka ʻoi". ʻO nā kiʻekiʻe turbidity kiʻekiʻe ma muli o nā mea paʻa paʻa i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ka wai, e hoʻopuehu i ka mālamalama ma mua o ka hoʻouna ʻana iā ia ma o ka wai. Hiki ke ho'ololi i ka nui o ka turbidity i nā waiwai kino o nā mea i ho'opa'a 'ia. Hoʻopuehu ka nui o nā ʻāpana nui i ka mālamalama a kālele iā ia i mua, a laila e hoʻonui ai i ka turbidity ma ke keʻakeʻa ʻana i ka lawe ʻana o ka mālamalama ma o ka wai. Pili pū ka nui o ka ʻāpana i ka maikaʻi o ka māmā; ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o nā ʻāpana nunui i nā hawewe nalu ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi ma mua o nā lōʻihi hawewe pōkole, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o nā mea liʻiliʻi i nā nalu pōkole. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka ʻāpana ʻāpana e hōʻemi ana i ka hoʻouna ʻana o ka mālamalama i ka wā e hoʻopili ai ke kukui me ka nui o nā ʻāpana a hele i kahi mamao pōkole ma waena o nā ʻāpana, e hopena i nā lūlū he nui i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana.

Kumu ʻike
ʻO ke ʻano hoʻopuehu 90-degere ʻo Turbidity kahi ala maʻamau e ana i ka turbidity o nā hāʻina. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia ʻano hana ma ke ʻano hoʻopuehu i wehewehe ʻia e ka hoʻohālikelike Lorentz-Boltzmann. Hoʻohana kēia ʻano i ka photometer a i ʻole photometer e ana i ka ikaika o ka mālamalama e hele ana i ka hāpana ma lalo o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana a me ka ikaika o ka mālamalama i hoʻopuehu ʻia e ka hāpana ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻopuehu 90-degere, a helu i ka turbidity o ka hāpana ma muli o nā waiwai i ana ʻia. ʻO ka manaʻo hoʻopuehu i hoʻohana ʻia ma kēia ʻano: ʻO ke kānāwai Beer-Lambert. Kuhi ʻia kēia kumumanaʻo ma lalo o ka hana a ka nalu mokulele e hoʻomālamalama like ʻole, e emi ana ka pane electro-optical i loko o ka lōʻihi o ka wae me ka hana exponential o ka lōʻihi o ke ala optical, ʻo ia ke kānāwai Beer-Lambert maʻamau. Ma nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻopuehu pinepine ʻia nā kukuna māmā e pā ana i nā ʻāpana i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka hopena, me ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o kekahi mau kukuna ma nā kihi 90-degere. I ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia ʻano hana, e ana ka mea kani i ka ratio o ka ikaika o ka mālamalama i hoʻopuehu ʻia e kēia mau ʻāpana ma kahi kihi 90-degree i ka ikaika o ka mālamalama e hele ana i ka hāpana me ka hoʻopuehu ʻole ʻia. Ke piʻi aʻe ka ʻike ʻana o nā ʻāpana turbidity, e hoʻonui pū ʻia ka ikaika o ka mālamalama i hoʻopuehu ʻia, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ratio, no laila, ua like ka nui o ka ratio i ka helu o nā ʻāpana i ka hoʻokuʻu.
ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, i ke anaʻana, hoʻokomoʻia ke kumu kukui i ke poʻo i loko o ka hāpana a hoʻonohoʻia ka hāpana ma kahi kūlana me kahi kihi lūlū o 90 °. Hiki ke loaʻa ka waiwai turbidity o ka hāpana ma ke ana ʻana i ka ikaika māmā i ana pololei ʻia me ka hele ʻole ʻana i ka hāpana a me ka 90 ° hoʻopuehu māmā ikaika i hana ʻia i loko o ka hāpana me ka photometer, a hui pū me ke ʻano helu colorimetric.
He kiʻekiʻe ka pololei o kēia ʻano a hoʻohana nui ʻia i ke ana turbidity i ka wai, ka wai ʻino, ka meaʻai, ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā kula kaiapuni.

He aha ke kumu nui o ka huʻihuʻi o ka wai ili?
ʻO ke kumu nui o ka huʻihuʻi o ka wai ili ma muli o nā mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka wai. 12
ʻO kēia mau mea i hoʻokuʻu ʻia, ʻo ia ka lepo, ka pālolo, ka mea olaola, nā mea inorganic, nā mea lana a me nā microorganisms, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ka mea e pale ai i ka mālamalama mai ke komo ʻana i loko o ke kino wai, no laila e hoʻohaumia ai ke kino wai. Hiki mai kēia mau mea ʻāpana mai nā kaʻina hana kūlohelohe, e like me ka ʻino, ka ʻū ʻana i ka wai, ka puhi ʻana i ka makani, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a i ʻole mai nā hana kanaka, e like me ka mahiʻai, ʻoihana, a me nā hoʻokuʻu kūlanakauhale. ʻO ke ana o ka turbidity ka mea maʻamau i kekahi ʻāpana i ka ʻike o nā mea paʻa paʻa i loko o ka wai. Ma ke ana ʻana i ka ikaika o ka mālamalama i hoʻopuehu ʻia, hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia ke ʻano o nā paʻa paʻa i ka wai.
Ana o ka turbidity
Lianhua turbidity mika LH-P305 hoʻohana i ka 90° scattered light method, me ke ana ana o 0-2000NTU. Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia nā lōʻihi nalu ʻelua e pale i ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka chromaticity wai. He maʻalahi ke ana a pololei nā hopena. Pehea e ana i ka turbidity
1. E ho'ā i ka mika turbidity paʻa lima LH-P305 e hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua, ʻo NTU ka ʻāpana.
2. E lawe i 2 paipu kalakala maemae.
3. E lawe i 10ml o ka wai i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a hoʻokomo i loko o ka pahu colorimetric No. 1.
4. E lawe i 10ml o ka la'ana a hookomo i loko o ka colorimetric tube No.
5. E wehe i ka pahu colorimetric, e hookomo i ka pahu colorimetric No.
6. E lawe i ka pahu colorimetric No. 1, e hookomo i ka pahu colorimetric No.
Noi a me ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo
He mea koʻikoʻi ka turbidity no ka maikaʻi o ka wai no ka mea ʻo ia ka hōʻailona ʻike ʻia o ka "maʻemaʻe" o kahi kumu wai. Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ka nui o ka turbidity i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea haumia wai e pōʻino i ke ola o ke kanaka, holoholona a me nā mea kanu, me ka bacteria, protozoa, nā meaʻai (e like me nitrates a me phosphorus), pesticides, mercury, lead a me nā metala ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka ʻūhū i loko o ka wai ʻili he mea kūpono ʻole ka wai no ka ʻai ʻana o ke kanaka a hiki nō ke hāʻawi i nā pathogens hiki ke lawe ʻia i ka wai e like me nā microorganism kumu maʻi ma luna o ka wai. Hiki ke hoʻoulu ʻia ka turbidity kiʻekiʻe e ka wai ʻino mai nā ʻōnaehana sewer, ka holo ʻana o ke kūlanakauhale, a me ka hū ʻana o ka lepo mai ka hoʻomohala ʻana. No laila, pono e hoʻohana nui ʻia ke ana turbidity, ʻoi aku ma ke kula. Hiki i nā mea hana maʻalahi ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka nānā ʻana i nā kūlana wai e nā ʻāpana like ʻole a mālama pū i ka hoʻomohala lōʻihi o nā kumu wai.