ʻO ka pono o ka ʻike wai ʻino

ʻO ka wai ke kumu waiwai no ke ola ʻana o ka honua biology. ʻO nā kumu wai nā kumu kumu no ka mālama ʻana i ka hoʻomohala hoʻomau o ke kaiaola o ka honua. No laila, ʻo ka mālama ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai wai ka kuleana nui a kapu loa o ke kanaka. I kēia mau lā, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kumu wai i haumia, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka wai maʻemaʻe. Ua hoʻomaka nā hui he nui e hoʻohana i ka hoʻāʻo wai. I kēia lā, e hoʻolauna aku au iā ʻoe i nā kikoʻī.
1. Hoʻohui i ke olakino kino a me ka noʻonoʻo o ka poʻe: Ma hope o ka hoʻohaumia ʻana i ka wai, e like me ka wai inu a i ʻole ka ʻupena meaʻai, komo nā mea haumia i ke kino, e hōʻeha ai i nā kānaka. ʻO Arsenic, chromium, ammonium, benzene (A), etc., hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka maʻi maʻi kanesa. ʻO ka wai i haumia i ka haumia o ke kaiapuni o nā maʻi maʻi a i ʻole nā ​​​​huakaʻi pathogenic hiki ke hoʻoulu i nā maʻi lele a me nā maʻi parasitic.
2. Poino i ka hana ʻenehana: Ma hope o ka hoʻohaumia ʻana o ke kino wai, pono e hoʻokomo ʻia nā kālā i koi ʻia i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka ʻoihana e hoʻoponopono i ke kumukūʻai, e hopena i ka nani a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai, mana a me ka ikehu. Kū ka hana ʻana.
3. ʻO ka pōʻino meaʻai waiwai: Ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka oxygen i ka wai. ʻO ka oxygen oxygen ʻaʻole wale ke kūlana no ke ola ʻana o nā microorganisms biological wai, akā hoʻopaʻa inoa hoʻi i ka oxygen e komo i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka ea oxidation-rections i ka wai a paipai i ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā mea haumia. ʻO ia ke kī i ka maikaʻi o ka wai maoli.
Me ka ulu ʻana o ka ulu ʻana o ka nohona pili kanaka, ke ulu nei ka pilikia o ka haumia o ke kaiapuni. A mai ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka moʻo ISO14000 o nā kikoʻī huahana, ua hoʻomaka koke nā ʻāina a puni ka honua i ke ʻano o ka nānā ʻana a me ka hōʻoia, a ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka ʻike o ka mālama ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai wai.
1. Hana i ka ʻike wai ʻino:COD, BOD, ammonia, huina phosphorus, huina nitrogen, fluoride, sulfides, iona kaumaha, anion surface active agents, etc.
ʻO Industrial Production Wastewater (English: Industral Wastewater) loaʻa ka wai ʻōpala hana a me ka hana ʻana i ka wai ʻino, e pili ana i ka wai ʻino a me ka wai ʻino i hana ʻia e ke kaʻina holoʻokoʻa o ka hana ʻoihana. I loko o ia mea nā mea hoʻohaumia i hana ʻia i ke kaʻina hana. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka wai i ka hana hana.
E like me nā waiwai kino o nā mea hoʻohaumia nui i loko o ka wai ʻino hana ʻoihana, ua māhele ʻia i: ka wai ʻōpala inorganic i hoʻomalu ʻia e nā mea haumia inorganic, nā wai kemika organik i hoʻomalu ʻia e nā pollutants organik, wai ʻōpala hui ʻia, metala kaumaha i loaʻa nā pūhui organik a me nā pūhui inorganic, a me nā pūhui anorganic. ʻoi aku ka wai ma mua o ka wai maʻamau, ka wai ʻino i loaʻa nā mea radioactive, a me ka wai kaʻapuni hoʻoluʻu i hoʻohaumia ʻia e ka wela. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka wai ʻino o ke kaʻina hana electroplating ka wai ʻino a me ka hana ʻana o ka mineral he wai ʻōpala inorganic, a ʻo ka wai ʻino o ka meaʻai a i ʻole ke kaʻina hana ʻaila he wai ʻōpala kemika.
E like me ka waiwai o ka ʻoihana hana a me ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻoili ʻana i nā pahuhopu, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou i ka wai ʻona ʻenehana hana pepa, ka wai ʻōpala, ka wai hoʻoheheʻe leo, ka wai ʻawaʻawa, ka wai ʻona metallurgical, a me ka wai hoʻomaʻemaʻe o ka ʻaila.
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea koʻikoʻi o nā mea haumia i loko o ka wai ʻōpala pH, wai ʻōpala alkaline, phenol -containing wastewater, chromium -containing wastewater, organic phosphorus wastewater, a me ka wai hoʻoheheʻe radioactive.
ʻO ka wai ʻino wale nō i loko o ka pae maʻamau ma hope o ka mālama ʻana a me ka ʻike ʻana i ka wai ʻino hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia i kahi i ʻōlelo ʻia. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana ma mua o ka maʻamau a pāpā i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ke kānāwai.
ʻO ka lua, ʻo ka ʻike ʻana i nā lole, nā meaʻai, nā hale noho a me ka lawe ʻana i ka wai ʻino: pH waiwai, CODCR, NH3-N, TP, SS, ʻaila ʻaila, ʻaila holoholona a me nā mea kanu, etc.
ʻEkolu, ʻike wai ʻili: pH waiwai, NH3-N, TP, SS, koi koi oxygen biochemical, etc.
ʻO ke kaiapuni kūlohelohe o nā wai wai ʻili a me ka mālama ʻana i ka pahuhopu holoʻokoʻa e helu ʻia i ʻelima mau ʻāpana e like me ke kiʻekiʻe hana. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano wai ʻelima o nā wahi wai i ʻelima mau ʻāpana o ka papahana hou o ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili o ka wai. Hoʻokomo kēlā me kēia ʻano i kahi ʻano pili o ka waiwai hōʻike. Hoʻopilikia ʻia nā waiwai hōʻailona kiʻekiʻe me nā ʻano hana kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā waiwai hōʻailona me nā ʻano wai haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. I loko o ka wai hoʻokahi, nui nā ʻano hana noi, a ua hoʻokō ʻia nā waiwai hōʻailona e kūlike i nā ʻano hana. ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka hana wai a me nā ʻano hana o ka hana ʻo ia ke ʻano like.
ʻEhā, ʻike wai wai: ka wai maʻemaʻe a me ke alakaʻi uila, metala kaumaha ma mua o ka ion maikaʻi maʻamau, etc.
Pāhana hou:
Aniline, formaldehyde i loko, saturation, paʻa paʻa, waiwai pH,ʻelima lā koi biochemical oxygen (BOD5), permanganate index, CODcr, huina phosphorus, polyphosphate, chloride, huina arsenic, hexavalent chromium, total chromium, hydrogen cyanide, volatile phenol, holoholona a me ka aila mea kanu, cationic surfactant, hao, manganese, nickel, volatile phenol, mahana, oxygen dissolved, huina nitrogen, keleawe, cadmium, zinc, kēpau, etc.
ʻO ke koʻikoʻi o ka ʻike ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka wai:
Palekana wai palekana: Hiki i ka nānā ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka wai ke ʻike i nā mea haumia a me nā mea ʻino e ʻike ʻia ana i nā kumu wai a me nā pūnaewele paipu, e pale i ka maikaʻi o ka wai mai ka haumia a me ka hōʻoia ʻana i ke ola a me ke olakino o nā kamaʻāina.
Ka nānā ʻana i ka pollution kaiapuni: Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia nā keʻena nānā ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka wai ma nā wahi like ʻole i nā ʻano mea like ʻole i loko o nā ʻano wai like ʻole e like me nā kahawai a me nā loko, a hōʻike ʻia nā kūlana haumia wai i hoʻokumu ʻia e ke kumu wai, ʻoihana, a me ke ola i ke kumu wai. mahiʻai ʻāina, ʻoihana, a me ke ola i ka manawa kūpono.
Nā hoʻololi ʻana i ke kumu wai: Ma o ka nānā ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka wai, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo i ka maikaʻi o ka maʻemaʻe o kēia manawa, ka kaiaola a me ke kūlana haumia o nā kino wai, a laila wānana i ke ʻano o nā kumu wai a alakaʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai wai.
ʻO ka loiloi a me ka hopena hoʻomalu: Hiki i ka nānā mau ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka wai ke hoʻomaopopo i nā hopena o ka haumia aupuni a me kona hopena, a hāʻawi i nā limahana hoʻokele kaiapuni e hoʻoponopono a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻolālā aupuni a me nā ana i ka manawa kūpono e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hopena o ke aupuni.
I ka pōkole, ʻo ka nānā ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka wai, ke kumu no ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai wai, ke pāʻani nei i kahi hopena koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiaola, ka hoʻonui ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana, a me ka maikaʻi o ke ola kamaʻāina.