ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka wai ʻino ʻoihana a me ka maikaʻi o ka wai

Hoʻokomo ʻia ka wai ʻōpala ʻoihana i ka wai ʻino hana, ka wai hoʻoheheʻe a me ka wai hoʻomaha. E pili ana i ka wai ʻōpala a me ka wai ʻōpala i hana ʻia i loko o ke kaʻina hana ʻoihana, aia nā mea hana ʻenehana, nā huahana waena, nā huahana a me nā mea haumia i hana ʻia i loko o ke kaʻina hana i nalowale me ka wai. Nui nā ʻano wai ʻino ʻoihana me nā mea paʻakikī. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka wai hoʻoheheʻe paʻakai electrolytic i loko o ka mercury, ka wai hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka ʻoihana hoʻoheheʻe kaumaha me ke alakaʻi, cadmium a me nā metala ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka wai hoʻoheheʻe electroplating i loko o ka cyanide a me ka chromium a me nā metala kaumaha ʻē aʻe, etc. No ka loaʻa pinepine ʻana o nā ʻano mea ʻawaʻawa o ka ʻoihana, ʻo ka hoʻohaumia ʻana i ke kaiapuni he mea ʻino loa ia i ke olakino kanaka, no laila pono e hoʻomohala i ka hoʻohana piha ʻana, e hoʻololi i ka pōʻino i pōmaikaʻi, a lawe i nā ana hoʻomaʻemaʻe e like me ka haku ʻana a me ka ʻike o nā mea haumia. i loko o ka wai ʻino ma mua o ka hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia.
ʻO ka wai ʻōpala ʻoihana e pili ana i ka wai ʻino, ka wai a me ka wai ʻōpala i hana ʻia i loko o ke kaʻina hana ʻoihana, aia nā mea hana ʻenehana, nā huahana waena a me nā huahana i nalowale me ka wai a me nā mea haumia i hana ʻia i ke kaʻina hana. Me ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana, ua piʻi wikiwiki nā ʻano a me ka nui o ka wai ʻino, a ua ulu nui ka haumia o nā kino wai a paʻakikī, hoʻoweliweli i ke olakino a me ka palekana o ke kanaka. No laila, no ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni, ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino o ka ʻoihana ma mua o ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻōpala o ke kūlanakauhale.

ʻEkolu mau ʻano maʻamau:

ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ia ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana e like me nā waiwai kemika o nā mea haumia nui i loko o ka wai ʻōpala ʻoihana. Aia i loko o ka wai ʻōpala ka nui o nā mea haumia ʻole, a ʻo ka wai ʻino ka nui o nā mea haumia organik. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka wai ʻōpala electroplating a me ka wai ʻino mai ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka mineral he wai ʻino ʻole, ʻo ka wai ʻino mai ka meaʻai a i ʻole ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka aila he wai ʻōpala organik, a ʻo ka wai ʻino mai ka ʻoihana paʻi a me ka ʻoihana hoʻoluʻu he wai ʻino. ʻO ka wai ʻino i hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai nā ʻoihana like ʻole he mau mea like ʻole.

ʻO ka lua, ʻo ia ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana e like me nā huahana a me nā mea hana o nā ʻoihana ʻoihana, e like me ka wai hoʻoheheʻe metallurgical, ka wai ʻawaʻawa pepa, ka wai hoʻoheheʻe coking coal gas, metala pickling wastewater, fertilizer fertilizer wastewater, textile print a dyeing wastewater, dye wastewater, ili ʻili, pesticide. wai ʻino, wai hoʻoheheʻe mana, etc.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke ʻano ʻekolu e like me nā ʻāpana nui o nā mea haumia i loko o ka wai ʻino, e like me ka wai ʻawaʻawa, ka wai wai alkaline, ka wai ʻino cyanide, ka wai hoʻoheheʻe i loko o ka chromium, ka wai hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka cadmium, ka wai ʻino me ka mercury, ka wai hoʻoheheʻe phenol, aldehyde -ʻo ka wai ʻōpala, ka wai ʻaila i loko o ka ʻaila, ka wai ʻōpala i loaʻa i ka sulfur, ka wai ʻōpala i loko o ka phosphorus organik a me ka wai ʻino radioactive.
ʻAʻole pili nā ʻano hoʻohālikelike mua ʻelua i nā mea nui o nā mea haumia i loko o ka wai ʻino, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hōʻike i ka pōʻino o ka wai ʻino.
ʻO ke koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka wai ʻino
ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ka wai ʻino i hana ʻia i loko o ko mākou ola ʻaneʻane ʻaʻohe mea ʻawaʻawa, ʻoiai ʻo ka wai ʻōpala hana ʻoihana i loko o nā metala kaumaha, nā kemika a me nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana me ka ʻole o ka mālama ʻana ʻaʻole ia e hoʻokau wale i ka haumia koʻikoʻi i ke kaiapuni, akā e alo pū ka hui i nā uku a me nā hoʻopaʻi. I nā hihia koʻikoʻi, e kauoha ʻia e hoʻokuʻu i ka ʻoihana a pani.
E hana maikaʻi i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka wai ʻino ʻoihana, e hoʻomalu i ka ʻike a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā mea haumia i ka wai ma mua o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka wai ʻino i ʻole ma mua o nā palena i kuhikuhi ʻia, pale i nā kumu wai, a hoʻemi i ka hopena i ke kaiapuni. Aloha, maikaʻi wau, maikaʻi nā mea a pau!

ʻO nā kūlana no ka hoʻokuʻuʻana i ka waiʻinoʻoihana e uhi i nāʻano haumia, e like me COD, nā metala kaumaha, BOD, nā mea paʻa i hoʻokuʻuʻia, a me nā mea'ē aʻe. Hiki i nā ʻoihana ke kuhikuhi i nā kūlana hoʻokuʻu wai pollutant i hoʻopuka ʻia e ka Ministry of Ecology and Environment.
Hōʻike nui ʻia ke koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka wai ʻino i nā ʻano aʻe:

1. Ka pale ʻana i ke kaiapuni: ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu pololei ʻana i ka wai ʻino o ka ʻoihana me ka mālama ʻole ʻana e hoʻopilikia nui i ke kaiapuni, e like me ka haumia wai a me ka lepo lepo. Ma ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka wai ʻōpala ʻoihana, hiki ke nānā pono ʻia ke kiʻekiʻe o ka haumia a me ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka wai ʻino, e hāʻawi ana i kumu ʻepekema no ka hoʻokele a me ka pale ʻana.
2. Ka pale ʻana i ke olakino kanaka: Loaʻa pinepine ka wai ʻino o ka ʻoihana i nā mea ʻawaʻawa a me nā mea ʻino, e like me nā metala kaumaha a me nā mea haumia organik. He mea weliweli kēia mau mea i ke olakino kanaka. Ma o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka wai ʻino ʻoihana, hiki ke nānā pono ʻia ka hele ʻana a me ka neʻe ʻana o kēia mau mea ʻino, e hāʻawi ana i kumu no ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā hoʻolālā hoʻokele, a laila e pale ai i ke olakino kanaka.
3. Hoʻolaha i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana hoʻomau: Me ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻike kaiapuni, ua hoʻomaka ka nui o nā ʻoihana e nānā i ka hoʻokele kaiapuni. Ma ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka wai ʻōpala ʻoihana, hiki i nā hui ke hoʻomaopopo i kā lākou hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka wai, hāʻawi i ke kākoʻo ʻepekema no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā kaʻina hana a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka haumia o ke kaiapuni, a pēlā e hoʻoikaika ai i ka hoʻomohala ʻoihana hoʻomau.

ʻOihana hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā mea a me nā hōʻailona
ʻO nā mea hoʻāʻo wai ʻino ka nui o ka koi oxygen kemika (COD), koi oxygen biological (BOD), nā paʻa paʻa (SS), total phosphorus (TP), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), total nitrogen (TN), turbidity, koena chlorine, pH a me nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe. Hōʻike kēia mau hōʻailona i ka haumia o nā ʻano like ʻole o ka wai ʻino, e like me nā mea organik, nā microorganism, nā meaʻai, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. .

Nā ʻano hana hoʻāʻo wai ʻino maʻamau

ʻO nā ʻano hana hoʻāʻo wai ʻino ʻoihana maʻamau e pili ana i ka nānā ʻana kemika, ka nānā ʻana o ke kino a me ka nānā kino. Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻano a me nā hoʻohana ʻana o kēia mau ʻano ma lalo nei.

1. Keʻano kālaihana kemika

ʻO ka nānā ʻana kemika ke ʻano maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka wai ʻino. Hoʻoholo nui kēia ʻano i ka ʻike o nā mea like ʻole i loko o ka wai ʻino ma o nā hopena kemika a me ka nānā ʻana i ka quantitative. ʻO nā ʻano loiloi kemika e pili ana i ka titration, spectrophotometry, chromatography, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ma waena o lākou, ʻo ka titration kekahi o nā ʻano loiloi kemika i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka ion, pH, nā metala kaumaha a me nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe i loko o ka wai ʻino; ʻO ka spectrophotometry ke ʻano o ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka neʻe ʻana o kahi mea ma ke ana ʻana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka absorption a i ʻole ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o ka mālamalama e kekahi mea, a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā mea hōʻailona e like me ka mea organik a me ka nitrogen ammonia i loko o ka wai ʻino; ʻO ka chromatography kahi ʻano hoʻokaʻawale a me ka nānā ʻana i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā mea olaola, mea ʻole, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i loko o ka wai ʻōpala.

2. ʻIkepili bio

ʻO ka bioanalysis ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka naʻau o nā meaola i nā mea haumia e ʻike ai i nā mea ʻino i ka wai ʻino. Loaʻa i kēia ʻano nā hiʻohiʻona o ka sensitivity kiʻekiʻe a me ka kikoʻī ikaika. ʻO ka bioanalysis e pili ana i ka hoʻāʻo biological a me ka nānā ʻana i ka biological. Ma waena o lākou, ʻo ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka biological e hoʻoholo ai i ka ʻona o nā mea haumia i loko o ka wai ʻino ma o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā meaola, a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e hoʻoholo i nā mea olaola, nā metala kaumaha a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i loko o ka wai ʻino; ʻO ka nānā ʻana i ka biological he ala ia e noʻonoʻo ai i ka haumia o ke kaiapuni ma o ka nānā ʻana i nā hōʻailona physiological a me biochemical o nā meaola, a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e nānā i nā mea olaola, nā metala kaumaha a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i loko o ka wai ʻino.

3. Nānā kino

ʻO ka loiloi kino ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā waiwai kino o nā mea e ʻike ai i nā mea ʻino i ka wai ʻino. He maʻalahi kēia ʻano hana, wikiwiki a pololei. ʻO nā ʻano hana loiloi kino maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia me ke ʻano o ka ʻumekaumaha kikoʻī, ke ʻano hoʻoholo o ka mea i hoʻokuʻu ʻia a me ke ʻano colorimetry. Ma waena o lākou, ʻo ke ʻano ʻumekaumaha kikoʻī ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka ʻike o nā mea i loko o ka wai ʻino ma ke ana ʻana i ka density; ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ʻo ia ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka wai ma ke ana ʻana i ka ʻike o ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka wai ʻino; ʻO ka colorimetry ka mea e hoʻoholo ai i ka ʻike o ka mea olaola, nā metala kaumaha a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ma ke ana ʻana i ka hohonu o ka waihoʻoluʻu wai.

3. Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo

ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i ka wai ʻino ʻoihana kekahi o nā loulou koʻikoʻi i ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni a me ka hoʻomalu ʻana, a he mea koʻikoʻi nui ia e pale i ke kaiapuni, pale i ke olakino kanaka a hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana hoʻomau. Hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia nā ʻano hana ʻike wai ʻōpala ʻenehana, ka nānā ʻana kemika, ka nānā ʻana o ke kino a me ka nānā ʻana i ke kino, ʻo kēlā me kēia mea nona nā ʻano ponoʻī a me ke ʻano o ka noi. Ma nā noi kūpono, pono e koho i nā ala ʻike kūpono e like me nā kūlana kikoʻī e hōʻoia i ka pololei a me ka hilinaʻi o nā hopena ʻike. I ka manawa like, pono e hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻokumu ʻana a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai e hōʻemi i ka pōʻino o ka wai ʻino i ke kaiapuni a me ke olakino kanaka.

He aha nā pōmaikaʻi o ka spectrophotometry no ka ʻike ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka wai?
I kēia manawa, ʻo ka spectrophotometry kekahi o nā ʻano hana ʻike maʻamau i ka hana ʻike ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka wai, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā ʻano wai me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, loaʻa iā ia nā pono o ka hana maʻalahi, kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ka naʻau kiʻekiʻe. Nui nā ʻano spectrophotometers, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā spectrophotometers ʻike ʻia, nā spectrophotometers ʻike ʻia ultraviolet a me nā spectrophotometers infrared e like me ka laulā hawewe o ke kukui i hoʻohana ʻia. ʻO ka Spectrophotometry kahi hana analytical maʻamau i ka ʻike ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka wai. ʻO kāna kumu kumu, ʻo ia ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka ʻike o ka mea i manaʻo ʻia i loko o ka hopena ma ke ana ʻana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka absorption o ka hopena i ka mālamalama o kahi lōʻihi nalu. Loaʻa i ka Spectrophotometry nā pono penei:

1. Kiʻekiʻe sensitivity

Loaʻa i ka Spectrophotometry kahi ʻike ʻike kiʻekiʻe no nā mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hiki ke hana i ka nānā pono a me ke ana ʻana ma kahi pae haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. ʻO kēia no ka mea i ka wā e hele ai ka mālamalama i ka hopena, ʻo ka ikaika o ka māmā i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e like me ka ʻike o ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, no laila hiki ke ana ʻia ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka pololei kiʻekiʻe.

2. Laulā laina laulā

He laulā laina ākea ka Spectrophotometry a hiki iā ia ke hana i nā ana pololei ma kahi ākea nui. 'O ia ho'i, hiki ke ho'ohana 'ia ka spectrophotometry i ka ha'aha'a ha'aha'a ha'aha'a a me ke ki'eki'e-concentration sample analysis, me ka ho'ohana maika'i a me ka ma'alahi.

3. ʻO ka wikiwiki a me ka maikaʻi

Hiki ke loaʻa nā hualoaʻa i ka wā pōkole. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano analytical ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hana ʻana o ka spectrophotometry a ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka nānā ʻana, kūpono i nā hiʻohiʻona kahi e loaʻa koke ai nā hopena.

4. Ke koho kiʻekiʻe

Hiki i ka Spectrophotometry ke hoʻokō i ka ʻike koho ʻana i nā mea i loaʻa ma ke koho ʻana i nā lōʻihi hawewe kūpono. Loaʻa i nā mea like ʻole nā ​​hiʻohiʻona absorption i nā lōʻihi nalu like ʻole. Ma ke koho ʻana i nā lōʻihi hawewe kūpono, hiki ke pale ʻia ke keakea ʻana mai nā mea keakea a hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ke koho ʻana o ke ana.

5. Portability a me ka hana manawa maoli

Hiki i ka Spectrophotometry ke hoʻokō i ka ʻike wikiwiki ʻana ma ka pūnaewele ma o kahi mea ʻike wai maikaʻi ʻo multi-parameter portable, nona ka portability maikaʻi a me ka hana manawa maoli. Hoʻohana nui kēia i ka spectrophotometry i nā hiʻohiʻona kahi e loaʻa koke ai nā hopena, e like me ka nānā ʻana i ke kaiapuni a me ka hoʻokolokolo hoʻohaumia wai.

ʻO Lianhua Technology kahi mea hana Kina me 42 mau makahiki o ka ʻike i ka hana ʻana i nā mea hana hoʻāʻo wai. I ka makahiki 1982, ua hoʻomohala ʻo ia i ka COD rapid digestion spectrophotometry, hiki ke ʻike i ka waiwai kūpono o ka COD i loko o ka wai ʻino i loko o 20 mau minuke, me ka liʻiliʻi o nā reagents, maʻalahi a maʻalahi ka hana, a kaulana loa i nā laboratories. Me ka noiʻi hoʻomau a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana, hiki i ka Lianhua Technology ke hāʻawi i nā mea kani amonia nitrogen, nā mea kani phosphorus a pau, nā mea kani nitrogen, nā mea kani nitrate/nitrite, nā mika paʻa paʻa, nā mika turbidity, nā mika chlorine koena, nā mita metala kaumaha, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. e like me nā mea kākoʻo like ʻole a me nā mea hoʻohui. Loaʻa i ka ʻenehana ʻo Lianhua kahi ʻano huahana waiwai o nā mea hana hoʻāʻo maikaʻi wai, maikaʻi huahana maikaʻi, a me ka lawelawe ma hope o ke kūʻai aku. Welina mai e kūkākūkā!