No ke aha i paʻakikī loa ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino paʻakai kiʻekiʻe? Pono mākou e hoʻomaopopo mua i ke ʻano o ka wai ʻino paʻakai kiʻekiʻe a me ka hopena o ka wai ʻino paʻakai kiʻekiʻe i ka ʻōnaehana biochemical! Kūkākūkā wale kēia ʻatikala i ka mālama biochemical o ka wai ʻino paʻakai kiʻekiʻe!
1. He aha ka wai ʻino paʻakai kiʻekiʻe?
ʻO ka wai ʻino paʻakai kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i ka wai ʻino me ka nui o ka paʻakai ma kahi o 1% (e like me 10,000mg/L). Loaʻa ia mai nā mea kanu kemika a me ka hōʻiliʻili a me ka hana ʻana i ka aila a me ke kinoea maoli. Loaʻa i kēia wai ʻino nā ʻano mea like ʻole (me nā paʻakai, nā aila, nā metala kaumaha organik a me nā mea radioactive). Hoʻopuka ʻia ka wai ʻōpala paʻakai ma o nā kumu ākea ākea, a ke piʻi nei ka nui o ka wai i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO ka wehe ʻana i nā mea haumia organik mai ka wai ʻino paʻakai he hopena koʻikoʻi i ke kaiapuni. Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano biological no ka mālama ʻana. Loaʻa i nā mea paʻakai kiʻekiʻe ka hopena pale i nā microorganism. Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano hana kino a me ke kemika no ka mālama ʻana, e koi ana i ka hoʻopukapuka nui a me nā koina hana kiʻekiʻe, a paʻakikī ke hoʻokō i ka hopena hoʻomaʻemaʻe i manaʻo ʻia. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hana olaola no ka mālama ʻana i kēlā wai ʻino ka mea nui o ka noiʻi ma ka home a ma waho.
ʻOkoʻa loa nā ʻano a me nā waiwai kemika o nā mea ola i loko o ka wai ʻōpala paʻakai kiʻekiʻe ma muli o ke kaʻina hana, akā ʻo nā paʻakai i loko o ka hapa nui o nā paʻakai e like me Cl-, SO42-, Na+, Ca2+. ʻOiai ʻo kēia mau ion he mau meaʻai koʻikoʻi no ka ulu ʻana o nā microorganisms, he hana koʻikoʻi lākou i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā hopena enzymatic, mālama i ka pale ʻana o ka membrane a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke kaomi osmotic i ka wā o ka ulu ʻana o nā microorganism. Eia nō naʻe, inā kiʻekiʻe loa ka neʻe ʻana o kēia mau ion, e loaʻa iā ia nā hopena pale a ʻona i nā microorganism. ʻO nā hōʻike nui: ka paʻakai kiʻekiʻe o ka paʻakai, ke kiʻekiʻe osmotic pressure, dehydration o nā microbial cell, ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka protoplasm cell; ʻO ka paʻakai e hoʻemi i ka hana dehydrogenase; kiʻekiʻe chloride ions He mea make nā bacteria; ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka paʻakai, piʻi ka nui o ka wai ʻino, a lele maʻalahi ka sludge i hana ʻia a nalowale, no laila e hoʻopilikia nui i ka hopena hoʻomaʻemaʻe o ka ʻōnaehana mālama olaola.
2. Ka hopena o ka paʻakai ma nā ʻōnaehana biochemical
1. E alakaʻi i ka maloʻo a me ka make o nā microorganisms
Ma nā paʻakai kiʻekiʻe, hoʻololi i ke kaomi osmotic ke kumu nui. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao o loko o ka maʻi bacteria he kaiapuni semi-pani. Pono ia e hoʻololi i nā mea waiwai a me ka ikehu me ke kaiapuni o waho e mālama i kona ola. Eia nō naʻe, pono ia e pale i ka hapa nui o nā mea waho mai ke komo ʻana e pale aku i ka pōʻino i ka biochemistry kūloko. Hoʻopilikia a keakea i ka pane.
ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka paʻakai paʻakai ke kumu o ka haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻonā i loko o ka bacteria e haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka honua o waho. Eia kekahi, ma muli o ke ʻano o ka neʻe ʻana o ka wai mai ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe, ua nalowale ka nui o ka wai i loko o ka maʻi bacteria, e hoʻololi i ko lākou ʻano kūlohelohe biochemical i loko, e hoʻopau loa i kā lākou kaʻina hana biochemical a hiki i ka hoʻopau ʻia. , make ka bacteria.
2. Ke keakea nei i ke kaʻina hana o nā mea microbial a pale i ko lākou make
Loaʻa i ka membrane cell ke ʻano o ka permeability koho e kānana i nā mea ʻino i nā hana ola bacteria a hoʻopaʻa i nā mea pono i kāna mau hana ola. Hoʻopili pololei ʻia kēia kaʻina absorption e ka neʻe ʻana o ka hopena, ka maʻemaʻe waiwai, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe o ke kaiapuni waho. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻia ʻana o ka paʻakai e hoʻopilikia ʻia a paʻa ʻia ke kaiapuni absorption bacteria, a hiki i ka hopena ke pale ʻia ka hana ola bacterial a make paha. ʻOkoʻa loa kēia kūlana ma muli o nā kūlana bacterial pākahi, nā ʻano ʻano, nā ʻano paʻakai a me nā ʻano paʻakai.
3. Ka make a me ka make o na microorganisms
E komo kekahi mau paʻakai i loko o ka bacteria me kā lākou mau hana ola, e luku ana i kā lākou mau kaʻina hana biochemical i loko, a e launa pū kekahi me ka membrane cell bacteria, e hoʻololi i ko lākou mau waiwai a pale ʻole iā lākou a ʻaʻole hiki ke komo i kekahi. nā mea ʻino i ka bacteria. ʻO nā mea waiwai, no laila e hoʻopau ʻia ai ka hana koʻikoʻi o ka bacteria a i ʻole e make ka bacteria. I waena o lākou, ʻo nā paʻakai metala koʻikoʻi nā mea i hōʻike ʻia, a hoʻohana kekahi mau ʻano sterilization i kēia kumu.
Hōʻike ka noiʻi i ka hopena o ka paʻakai kiʻekiʻe i ka mālama ʻana i ka biochemical i hōʻike ʻia ma nā ʻano aʻe:
1. Ke piʻi aʻe ka paʻakai, pili ka ulu ʻana o ka sludge hana. ʻO nā hoʻololi o kona ulu ulu ʻana penei: ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka manawa hoʻololi; ʻoi aku ka lohi o ka ulu ʻana i ka wā ulu logarithmic; a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka ulu ʻana o ka deceleration.
2. Hoʻoikaika ka salinity i ka hanu microbial a me ka cell lysis.
3. Hoʻemi ka paʻakai i ka biodegradability a me ka degradability o ka mea organik. E ho'ēmi i ka helu hoʻoneʻe a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana o nā mea olaola.
3. Pehea ke kiʻekiʻe o ka paʻakai e hiki ai i ka ʻōnaehana biochemical ke kūpaʻa?
Wahi a ka "Water Quality Standard for Sewage Discharged into Urban Sewers" (CJ-343-2010), i ka wā e komo ai i kahi hale kanu hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai no ka mālama lua, pono e hoʻokō ka maikaʻi o ka wai i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o nā ʻauwai kūlanakauhale me nā koi o ka Papa B (Pakaukau. 1), ma waena o nā mea chlorine Chemical 600 mg/L, sulfate 600 mg/L.
Wahi a ka Appendix 3 o ka "Code for Design of Outdoor Drainage" (GBJ 14-87) (GB50014-2006 a me 2011 editions ʻaʻole i kuhikuhi i ka ʻike paʻakai), "ʻAe ʻia ka ʻae ʻana o nā mea ʻino i ka wai inlet o nā hale mālama ola ola", ʻO ka ʻae ʻia o ka sodium chloride he 4000mg/L.
Hōʻike ka ʻike ʻike ʻenehana i ka wā i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka chloride ion i loko o ka wai ʻino ma mua o 2000mg/L, e kāohi ʻia ka hana o nā microorganisms a e hoʻemi nui ʻia ka helu hoʻohemo COD; ke ʻoi aku ka nui o ka chloride ion i ka wai ʻino ma mua o 8000mg/L, e hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o ka sludge. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana, ʻike ʻia ka nui o ka huʻa ma ka ʻili wai, a make nā microorganisms kekahi ma hope o kekahi.
Ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei mākou ʻoi aku ka nui o ka chloride ion ma mua o 2000mg/L a me ka ʻiʻo paʻakai ma lalo o 2% (e like me 20000mg/L) hiki ke mālama ʻia e ke ʻano o ka sludge hana. Eia naʻe, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka paʻakai, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka manawa acclimation. Akā, e hoʻomanaʻo i hoʻokahi mea, Pono e paʻa ka paʻakai o ka wai e komo mai ana a ʻaʻole hiki ke loli nui, inā ʻaʻole hiki i ka ʻōnaehana biochemical ke pale aku.
4. Nā ana no ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana biochemical o ka wai ʻino paʻakai kiʻekiʻe
1. ʻO ka home o ka sludge hoʻā
Ke emi ka paʻakai ma mua o 2g/L, hiki ke mālama ʻia ka wai paʻakai ma o ka home. Ma ka hoʻonui mālie ʻana i ka ʻike paʻakai o ka wai hānai biochemical, e kaulike nā microorganisms i ke kaomi osmotic i loko o nā cell a i ʻole e pale i ka protoplasm i loko o nā pūnaewele ma o kā lākou mau hana hoʻoponopono osmotic pressure. Hoʻokomo ʻia kēia mau ʻano hoʻoponopono i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā mea kaumaha molekala haʻahaʻa e hana i kahi papa pale extracellular hou a hoʻoponopono iā lākou iho. ʻO nā ala metabolic, hoʻololi i ka haku mele, etc.
No laila, hiki i ka sludge hana maʻamau ke mālama i ka wai ʻino paʻakai kiʻekiʻe i loko o kahi ʻano paʻakai paʻakai ma o ka home no kekahi manawa. ʻOiai hiki i ka sludge hoʻoikaika ke hoʻonui i ka laulā paʻakai o ka ʻōnaehana a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana ma o ka domestication, ʻo ka domestication o ka sludge hoʻōla ʻia nā Microorganisms he palena palena palena no ka paʻakai a ua maʻalahi i nā loli o ke kaiapuni. Ke hoʻololi koke ʻia ke kaiapuni chloride ion, e nalowale koke ka hiki ke hoʻololi i nā microorganism. ʻO ka home kahi hoʻoponopono physiological pōkole wale nō o nā microorganism e hoʻololi i ke kaiapuni a ʻaʻohe ona ʻano genetic. He mea pōʻino loa kēia ʻano adaptive i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai.
ʻO ka manawa acclimation o ka sludge hoʻāla ʻia ma ke ʻano he 7-10 mau lā. Hiki i ka Acclimation ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻae ʻana o nā microorganism sludge i ka paʻakai paʻakai. ʻO ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana o ka sludge i ka wā mua o ka acclimation ma muli o ka piʻi ʻana o ka hopena paʻakai e hoʻomake i nā microorganism a make kekahi mau microorganism. Hōʻike ia i ka ulu maikaʻi ʻole. I ka pae hope o ka home, hoʻomaka nā microorganism i hoʻololi i ke kaiapuni i hoʻololi ʻia, no laila e piʻi aʻe ka neʻe ʻana o ka sludge hana. Lawe i ka wehe ʻana oCODe ka sludge i ho'ā 'ia i loko o 1.5% a me 2.5% sodium chloride solutions ma ke ano he la'ana, o ka COD removal rate i ka mua a me ka hope acclimation pae: 60%, 80% a me 40%, 60% pakahi.
2. E hoʻoheheʻe i ka wai
I mea e hōʻemi ai i ka paʻakai o ka paʻakai i loko o ka ʻōnaehana biochemical, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka wai e hiki mai ana i mea haʻahaʻa ka paʻakai ma mua o ka waiwai palena ʻawaʻawa, a ʻaʻole e kāohi ʻia ka mālama olaola. ʻO kona pōmaikaʻi ʻo ia ka maʻalahi o ke ʻano a me ka maʻalahi e hana a mālama; ʻO kona hemahema, ʻo ia ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pālākiō kaʻina hana, hoʻopukapuka waiwai a me nā koina hana. ʻ
3. E koho i ka ma'i ma'i pa'akai
He huaʻōlelo maʻamau ka bacteria Halotolerant no ka bacteria e hiki ke ʻae i ka nui o ka paʻakai. I ka ʻoihana, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kānana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hoʻonui ʻia. I kēia manawa, hiki ke ʻae ʻia ka nui o ka paʻakai ma kahi o 5% a hiki ke hana paʻa. Manaʻo ʻia he ʻano wai ʻino paʻakai kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ke ʻano biochemical o ka lāʻau lapaʻau!
4. E koho i kahi kahe kaʻina kūpono
Ua koho ʻia nā kaʻina hana lapaʻau like ʻole no nā ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa o ka maʻiʻo chloride ion, a ua koho pono ʻia ke kaʻina anaerobic e hōʻemi i ka pae hoʻomanawanui o ka neʻe ʻana o ka chloride ion ma ka ʻāpana aerobic hope. ʻ
Ke ʻoi aku ka nui o ka paʻakai ma mua o 5g/L, ʻo ka evaporation a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana no ka desalination ʻo ia ke ala ʻoi aku ka waiwai a me ka maikaʻi. ʻO nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe, e like me nā ʻano no ka mahi ʻana i ka bacteria paʻakai, loaʻa nā pilikia paʻakikī i ka hana ʻoihana.
Hiki i ka hui ʻo Lianhua ke hāʻawi i ka mea nānā COD wikiwiki e hoʻāʻo i ka wai paʻakai kiʻekiʻe no ka mea hiki i kā mākou reagent kemika ke pale i nā ʻumi kaukani o ka chloride ion interference.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Jan-25-2024
